in early modern europe, the printing press quizlet

The Puritan community found no Scriptural justification for celebrating Christmas, and associated such celebrations with paganism and idolatry. “The rise in prominence of national languages and nationalism amongst countries is mostly due to the printed press.” (Eisenstein 56) Works Cited. What difference did printing make? German goldsmith Johannes Gutenberg is credited with inventing the printing press around 1436, although he was far from the first to automate the book-printing process. No where else in Europe in the Middle Ages accomplished this. St. Teresa lived in Spain during the period known as the Reformation. The Book of the Courtier is a courtesy book. The idea that it was moral to enslave certain people because they were naturally suited for slavery. -Aggressive entrepreneurs profited from financial speculation, landholders from the rising prices of agricultural produce, and merchants from increasing demand for luxury goods. Protestant religious art both embraced Protestant values and assisted in the proliferation of Protestantism, but the amount of religious art produced in Protestant countries was hugely reduced. In 1979 Elizabeth Eisenstein provided the first full-scale treatment of the fifteenth-century printing revolution in the West in her monumental two-volume work, The Printing Press as an Agent of Change. Early modern Europe is the period in the history of Europe which spanned the centuries between the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, roughly the late 15th century to the late 18th century. Negatively transformed American cultures - worse than Europe's effects. Political and military conflict for the landmass of peninsula between Muslims and Christians. An example of theocracy during this period was Geneva, Switzerland under John Calvin. The Little Ice Age is a period between about 1300 and 1870 during which Europe and North America were subjected to much colder winters than during the 20th century. Why did many German principalities and cities rally to … gave voice to political views different from those of the king. The printing press was invented in approximately 1450 and quickly spread to other major cities around Europe; by the time the Reformation was underway in 1517 there were printing centers in over 200 of the major European cities. He claimed that the Indians had no ruler, and no laws, so any civilized man could legitimately appropriate them. -Henry's son Louis XIII had come to the throne at the age of nine, Richelieu was his chief advisor, dominated his reign; aim was to centralize royal bureaucracy while exploiting opportunities to foster French influence. Was it primarily a religious conflict? Some philosophers of the Enlightenment, including Voltaire, attacked the Catholic Church, its leadership and priests claiming moral corruption of many of its clergy. What do sola fide and sola scripture mean? -His wife, Catherine of Aragon and his offspring, besides one daughter, had died in infancy, she was past the age of childbearing; henry needed a male heir, and had become infatuated with a lady-in-waiting, Anne Boleyn. Parliament refused to grant him funds, he d amended forced loans from his subjects and punished those who refused by lodging soldiers in their homes, others were imprisoned without trial. Terms in this set (75) Treaty of Tordesillas. He convened the Council of Trent in 1545. -Humans had originally lived in a state of nutter characterized by absolute freedom and equality, with no government of any kind. In 1979 Elizabeth Eisenstein provided the first full-scale treatment of the fifteenth-century printing revolution in the West in her monumental two-volume work, The Printing Press as an Agent of Change. "Christmas occupied a special place in the ideological religious warfare of Reformation Europe. $15.99; $15.99 ; Publisher Description. Start studying Early Modern Period. the printing press allowed people to bypass the catholic church's traditional monopoly on the production of religious texts. The cost of food staples rose, poor people had to spend an every greater percentage of their incomes on necessities. This is not to say that the combatants can be neatly categorized by religion or were divided by their religion alone, as this was often not the case. The printed books of … A theocracy is essentially a government where god is the supreme ruler and the laws are only those that are interpreted by religious leaders. This became the most important text at the time supporting the Spanish conquest of the Americas and their methods. How did the PRICE REVOLUTION exacerbate these? A person who professes faith and then lives a life characterized by unrighteousness is surely deluding himself with counterfeit faith. Literacy in the Ancient World: Only 3% of any given society in the ancient world could read or write. Infidels: non-Christian (Indians were like Muslims or Jews). Communities in villages were 500-700 and likely poor. The Printing Revolution in Early Modern Europe second edition What difference did printing make? It was not okay to enslave everyone, just those built for manual labor. which of the following best explains how the printing press contributed to the development of national cultures in europe. They did not live in close proximity to animals like Europeans did but kept them in a nearby habitat that Europeans mistook for forests. -Leader of protestant dissenters; a minority of puritans insisted on religious freedom for themselves and other protestant dissenters; -One more immediate response to Richelieu's policies was a series of uncoordinated revolts known collectively as the Fronde (from the French word for a sling used to hurl stones); These revolts haunted Louis XIV, resolved never to let aristocracy or their provinces get out of hand. Additionally, the relationship between self-fashioning and the aesthetic mediums was a reciprocal one. Tenancy could be either in perpetuity or rotated by the owners. Pamphlets usually consisted of approximately eight to sixteen pages and were relatively small and easy to conceal from the authorities, thus making them very useful to reformers whose ideas were not accepted by the Roman Catholic authorities. In turn, the Catholic Counter-Reformation both reacted against and responded to Protestant criticisms of art in Roman Catholicism to produce a more stringent style of Catholic art. Although the importance of the advent of printing for the Western world has long been recognized, it was Elizabeth Eisenstein, in her monumental, two-volume work, ThePrintingPressasanAgent of Change, who provided the first full-scale treatment of the subject. The fourth pope during the period of the Reformation, Paul III became the first to take proactive reform measures in response to Protestantism. -Ruler had long sought to control appointments to church offices in their own realms, to restrict the flow of money to Rome and to limit the independence of ecclesiastical princes courts. Not all anti-clericals are irreligious or anti-religious, some anti-clericals have been religious and have opposed clergy on the basis of institutional issues and/or disagreements in religious interpretation, such as during the Protestant Reformation. Only two churches were recognized, the Roman Catholic and the adherents of the Augsburg Confession—i.e., the Lutherans. Most land with appurtenant commons rights is adjacent to the common or even surrounded by it, but in a few cases it may be some considerable distance away. the printing press encouraged the spread of … During his pontificate, and in the spirit of the Counter-Reformation, new Catholic religious orders and societies, such as the Jesuits, the Barnabites, and the Congregation of the Oratory, attracted a popular following. References to individuals as politique often had a pejorative connotation of moral or religious indifference. When a population has not had contact with a particular pathogen, individuals in that population have not built up any immunity to that organism, and have not received immunity passed from mother to child. But God, on the basis of the life, death, and resurrection of his Son, Jesus Christ alone (solus Christus), grants sinners judicial pardon, or justification, which is received solely through faith. This edition gives a stimulating survey of the communications revolution of the fifteenth century. Leaves other children impoverished. The Printing Revolution in Early Modern Europe. In June 1647, a further Parliamentary ordinance abolished the feasts of Christmas, Easter and Whitsun, and substituted as a regular holiday for students, servants and apprentices, the second Tuesday of every month. It addresses the constitution of a perfect courtier, and in its last installment, a perfect lady. What decisions were made at the COUNCIL OF TRENT? In Germany, around 1440, goldsmith Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press, which started the Printing Revolution. Although the concept was conceived by the eastern nations, the first mechanized printing press was invented by a German metalworker named Johann Gutenberg in 1452. Hernando de Soto was a Spanish explorer and conquistador who led the first European expedition deep into the territory of the modern-day United States (Florida, Georgia, Alabama and most likely Arkansas), and the first documented European to have crossed the Mississippi River. Log in Sign up. -The hunt for witches resulted in part, from fears that traditional religious remediates were no longer adequate to guard against the evils of the world. The Protestant Reformation during the 16th century in Europe almost entirely rejected the existing tradition of Catholic art, and very often destroyed as much of it as it could reach. Although the importance of the advent of printing for the Western world has long been recognized, it was Elizabeth Eisenstein, in her monumental, two-volume work, The Printing Press as an Agent of Change, who provided the first full-scale treatment of the subject. Calvinists advocated for the abolition of all superstitious ceremonies, which they claimed confused simple Christians. Match. The rights, held by all individuals in a designated community to certain things living or growing on common land. When he found it in 1539 he declared it very populous but when others visited the next century populations were gone. Originally in medieval England the common was an integral part of the manor, and was thus legally part of the estate owned by the lord of the manor, but over which certain classes of manorial tenants and others held certain rights. What policies of England's CHARLES I were most detested by his subjects? These figures indicate the impact of the press, the rapidity with which it spread, the need for an artificial script, and the vulnerability of written culture up to that time.. Bu eliminating the competing jurisdictional authority of the Roman Church, Protestantism allowed town governments to consolidate all authority within the city into their own hands. Helps us to understand why the European colonization played out as it did. Important because it illustrates the hierarchy of society. The Presence of the European Printing Press in the Italian Religious Libraries at the End of the Sixteenth … Intellectual Movement shaped by colonization that was used to describe the style and type of education during the Renaissance, which was based above all on the close study of classical texts. Why did it strengthen male authority in the family? Faith is seen as passive, merely receiving Christ and all his benefits, among which benefits are the active and passive righteousness of Jesus Christ. The European wars of religion were a series of religious wars waged in Europe from ca. Las Casas vs. Sepulveda about whether Native Americans should be enslaved. Movable type, which allowed individual characters to be arranged to form words and which is an invention separate from the printing press, had also been invented in, but not … One of the most significant artistic works of Paul's reign was the depiction of the Last Judgement by Michelangelo in the Sistine Chapel of the Vatican Palace. A member of the Carmelite Order, she initiated with St. John of The Cross, a reform of her community, seeking that its members would live the vows of poverty, chastity and obedience with greater zeal and vigor. All mankind, it is asserted, is fallen and sinful, under the curse of God, and incapable of saving itself from God's wrath and curse. These two hundred years also saw the specialization of agricultural regions, which produced specific products for local and international markets. Elizabeth L. Eisenstein. Chinese movable type was spread to Korea during the Goryeo Dynasty. He came to the papal throne in an era following the sack of Rome in 1527 and rife with uncertainties in the Catholic Church following the Protestant Reformation. Roman Catholic theologians leaned heavily on the second chapter of James to maintain that justification is not by faith alone but by faith and works. The work is a full-scale historical treatment of the advent of printing and its importance as an agent of change. Only a handful in the village could be considered wealthy and literate: inn keeper, estate manager and priest. A commoner would be the person who, for the time being, was the occupier of a particular plot of land. His several works include Historia de las Indias (first printed in 1875). Page: 102. A certain nonchalance, so as to conceal all art and make whatever one does or says appear to be without effort and almost without any thought about it. 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