Kousa dogwood is resistant to many insects and diseases that afflict other dogwoods. is susceptible to several problems, including diseases that attack its bark, causing varying degrees of damage. Ornamental Features: The showy white, pink or red “flowers” bloom in spring (April and May) before the leaves emerge. after the flowering dogwood. There are no commonly-issued warnings. The infected bark begins to discolor and sap or resin oozes out of it. Mature Height/Spread: The kousa dogwood will grow 15 to 30 feet tall and wide. Kousa Dogwood Fruit Side Effects, Safety, Dangers and Warnings. The ideal soil for flowering dogwood is moist, fertile, sandy or loamy and slightly acidic. Recommended Kousa Dogwood Cultivars: Many excellent cultivars are available and have good disease resistance (which has limited the use of cultivars of the flowering dogwood). If irrigation water is applied by sprinklers, it should always be done in the morning to reduce risk of foliar disease. Examples of organic fertilizers are: Dogwoods do not tolerate extremely wet or dry soils, and should be watered deeply (1 to 2 inches per week) during dry periods, especially if located in the sun. Yes, dogwoods have recently been under attack from some troublesome insect pests and diseases. However other dogwoods are susceptible to the diseases listed. Synonyms are Benthamia kousa and Cynoxylon kousa. Pennington Ultra Green Azalea, Camellia & Rhododendron Plant Food (10-6-8). To me, the kousa dogwood does not have as lovely a fall color as the native dogwood, although many would disagree. Insects, Diseases and Other Problems: Leaf miner and scale are less serious potential insect pests. Minimal litter, other than the fall leaf drop. Fruit may be scarlet red (flowering and Cornelian cherry dogwoods) or pinkish red (kousa dogwood). Conditions for severe disease outbreaks are in cool, wet weather, in shady locations, and near lakes or streams, which contribute to higher humidity. This is especially true of flowering and kousa dogwoods sited in shade. Many excellent cultivars are available and have good disease resistance (which has limited the use of cultivars of the flowering dogwood). At first the symptoms appear only on the infected side of the tree but become more Landscape Use: The flowering dogwood can be used as a specimen, near a deck or patio, as a border accent or in screens. The C. kousa is grown for its flowers in addition to its hardy, dependable nature. It is a rounded, multi-stemmed small tree or large shrub with a network of fine stems. In general, native species are very robust. When stressed, is susceptible to a large number of disease problems, most serious is dogwood anthracnose. More resistant to drought than flowering dogwood. Natural Guard Evergreen & Holly Food (5-4-5). It is typically planted for both its visual interest and profusion of spring flowers. Kousa dogwood is typically cultivated through seed. Kousa Dogwood is a small ornamental tree that makes for an excellent and beautiful landscape for your home all year round. Jobe’s Organics Azalea Camellia & Rhododendron Fertilizer (4-4-4). Kousa fruit is popular in Asia for eating fresh or made into wine, and is generally recognized as safe to eat freely. angustata) flowering in early June in Upstate South Carolina. Ornamental Features: Each species brings its own value to the landscape. It is not tolerant of extended drought. And your symptoms don't match. The tree also makes a visual contribution year-round. Dogwood Borer (Synanthedon scitula) The dogwood borer is the major pest of dogwood. Powdery Mildew: Erysiphe pulchra (formerly Microsphaera pulchra) is the fungus that attacks leaf surfaces and tender shoots and causes powdery mildew. If you’re looking for a perfectly shaped tree with year-round interest, try planting a Kousa dogwood in your yard! Also called Japanese or Chinese dogwood, these Asian cousins of the familiar native flowering dogwood offer a unique look, and they’re resistant to many of the diseases that frequently plague flowering dogwoods. Flower and Leaf Diseases. Joey Williamson, ©HGIC, Clemson Extension. Diseases. Fall is the best time to plant. Caused by the fungus Discula destructiva, anthracnose thrives in moist shade. The larvae (young insects) resemble caterpillars and feed on the foliage of several species of dogwood and are most commonly seen on shrub dogwoods [e.g., silky dogwood (Cornus amomum), redosier dogwood (C. … Widely cultivated as an ornamental, it is naturalized in New … Infected leaves exhibit marginal leaf scorch, dead patches, reddish discoloration, yellowing and premature defoliation. There are several hybrids between the native flowering dogwood and the non-native Kousa dogwood that exhibit better disease resistance and longer bloom periods than the native species. In the sun, the same tree may only grow 15 to 20 feet tall and wide. Cornus florida is particularly susceptible, Cornus nuttallii and Cornus kousa may also be attacked. For USDA zones 5 to 9. Resistance to anthracnose and powdery mildew, two diseases that often plague flowering dogwoods. Do not prune when leaves or twigs are wet. Although routinely grown with multiple trunks, it can be trained to a short, single trunk. Plant a decline-resistant kousa dogwood (Cornus kousa) instead. However other dogwoods are susceptible to the diseases listed. Spot anthracnose is considered a “cosmetic” disease and does not usually have an adverse impact on the overall. Leaves are small or undersized and of a lighter green color and may curl. Fertilize dogwoods lightly in the spring once frost has passed with a well-balanced, extended-release, acid-forming, azalea fertilizer. The kousa dogwood grows in acidic, loamy, moist, sandy, well-drained and clay soils. This information is supplied with the understanding that no discrimination is intended and no endorsement of brand names or registered trademarks by the Clemson University Cooperative Extension Service is implied, nor is any discrimination intended by the exclusion of products or manufacturers not named. View Map. Add organic matter, such as compost or ground composted pine bark, to the planting bed and till into the soil before planting. Fungi thrive in cool, wet weather and prevention is the best cure. Resistant cultivars may be planted, which include C. kousa cultivars and some of the C. kousa x C. florida hybrids. It can also be used in containers. Description []. Dogwood anthracnose infects flowering (Cornus florida) and Pacific dogwoods (C. nuttallii). Kousa is a good substitute for the native dogwood in many urban landscape situations. Dogwood trees grown from seed will vary in the age at which they begin flowering, but almost all dogwoods sold are asexually propagated and flower at an early age. For USDA zones 5 to 8. Flowering dogwood (C. florida) is moderately susceptible but is severely damaged under conditions ideal for disease development. A million members, donors, and partners support our programs to make our world greener and healthier. For USDA zones 4 to 8. ... Is tougher than the native flowering dogwood when it comes to disease and pests. Provide mulch under the canopy to prevent mechanical damage by mowers and weed trimmers, and to preserve soil moisture. It causes brownish tan spots on foliage, especially on shaded trees after heavy rains in the warm seasons. rubra. This is essential during the first few years of establishment. Dogwood anthracnose causes stem cankers and large, purple-bordered leaf spots. chinensis has been quite susceptible in some studies). It is resistant to anthracnose, powdery mildew, and other diseases, … Growth Rate: A slow to moderate grower, it will grow about 10 feet in 15 years. Even in winter, this tree has an appeal all its own with bark that resembles a jigsaw puzzle. Later twigs and branches may die, usually on one side of the tree but the disease spreads over time. Younger kousa dogwoods grow upright, but with age, they spread more broadly with horizontal branching. Kousa dogwood trees are susceptible to scorch, particularly during windy periods when the … Growth Rate: A slow to moderate grower, this tree can grow 15 feet in 18 years; it may grow more quickly in shade. Leaf spot disease also occurs on twigs and buds. It is a plant native to East Asia including Korea, China and Japan. chinensis, is native to China, and varies slightly from the species with slightly larger floral bracts, fruit, and leaves. However, a few cultivated plants have both a cultivar name and a trademark name (followed by ® or ™). Kousa dogwood is indigenous to East Asia. Blooms May–June, with distinctive white bracts surrounding small, greeinish-yellow flowers. The fall leaf color is often poor, ranging from dull green to purplish red. Mature Height/Spread: The flowering dogwood will grow 40 feet tall when grown as an understory tree in a woodland setting. There are several damaging diseases and pests that affect dogwood trees. Kousa dogwood has a shallow root system. Burpee Natural & Organic Azalea, Camellia & Rhododendron Granular Plant Food (4-3-4), Miracle Gro Nature’s Care Evergreen & Shrub Plant Food (3-3-6), C. Stellar Pink® Stellar® series (‘Rutgan’). This species does, however, go by other names including Chinese dogwood, Japanese dogwood, Japanese flowering dogwood and Japanese strawberry tree. Other common landscape dogwoods, such as It does not tolerate drought, and should be deeply irrigated during hot, dry spells. The strong horizontal branching in older trees is an especially attractive feature. Red edible fruit appear in July. Symptoms begin on leaf borders with purplish blotches that eventually cover the leaf. Diseases and pests. They are typically not as nutrient rich, and because of both the low nitrogen content and their lessened ability to burn the roots, they can be mixed lightly into the soil in the fall at planting to enhance root growth and plant establishment. Good air circulation is necessary to hasten drying of leaves after rainfall and to lower the risk of disease. Some of the most common are: Dogwood Anthracnose – This serious disease is difficult to control. Many but not all cultivars of Kousa dogwood ( C. kousa ) are very resistant ( C. kousa var. It thrives in a well-draining soil that is kept evenly moist, though it does have some tolerance of drought once established. Kousa Dogwood Tree - Cornus Kousa is a Lovely Flowering Ornamental Tree. The fungus Discula destructiva causes dogwood anthracnose leaf blight and canker. Follow all directions, precautions and restrictions that are listed. For trademarked plants, the cultivar name will be either a few letters & numbers or a nonsensical name in single quotes that is completely unimportant for the consumer or landscaper. The disease, Discula destructiva, causes leaf, twig and branch dieback beginning in the lower part of the tree. Japanese Kousa dogwood blooms are like a starry night sky. Cultivars with pink or red blooms arise from the natural occurring variety of flowering dogwood, Cornus florida var. If this document didn’t answer your questions, please contact HGIC at hgic@clemson.edu or 1-888-656-9988. angustata that is even evergreen in our area, no more barren limbs in the winter! Start treatment as soon as diseases appear. It was first reported in the northern United States about 25 years ago and has been slowly moving south. By well-balanced, this means to look for major nutrients in the ratio of 2-1-1. Canker disease generally appears as sunken areas filled with dead tissue on the dogwood's bark. Spores are spread by wind to surrounding dogwoo… angustata, which has remained evergreen in the Upstate to 9 °F. The fungus is killing tree-type dogwoods in the wild. The crown eventually grows wider than it is tall on many specimens. Dogwood anthracnose is one of the most common fungal diseases to attack this plant. Scorch. Kousa dogwood grows to a rounded 15’-20 in height and width, is much more tolerant of cultural extremes than flowering dogwood and is resistant to the various diseases that plague native dogwoods. Pacific dogwood (Cornus nuttallii) is very susceptible. Disease, pest, and problem resistance. When planting, locate in an existing landscape bed, or provide mulch to prevent mechanical damage and help soil retain moisture. In the landscape, dogwoods flourish in shaded locations with morning sun that allows moisture on foliage to evaporate early in the day. Problems: The flowering dogwood is susceptible to several diseases and pests. Flowering dogwood (Cornus florida)is a small Maryland native tree with white or pink flower bracts in the spring, colorful foliage in the fall, and berries that support wildlife. The showy fruit are pinkish-red to red, and appear in September and October. Copyright © 2020 Clemson UniversityClemson Cooperative Extension | 103 Barre Hall Clemson, SC 29634864-986-4310 | Contact UsHGIC@clemson.edu, College of Agriculture, Forestry and Life Sciences, Centipedegrass Yearly Maintenance Program. This white, powdery growth is common on dogwood leaves and twig tips. Scotts Evergreen, Flowering Tree & Shrub Fertilizer (11-7-7). Like the other dogwood trees featured in this article, the kousa dogwood is known for its toughness. Prune out affected stems and leaves and destroy the plant material. Trees under drought stress are more prone to attack by insect pests. Small tree. It prefers average moisture but is somewhat drought-resistant. The American dogwood and cornus kousa chinensis get occasionally infested with a fungus (anthracnose). It must be well-drained. It has shown good resistance to powdery mildew and dogwood anthracnose in some tests. This tree is considered both a flowering tree and an ornamental tree. Most are creamy white; some will turn pinkish with age. Root Development. One of the most appealing features of many dogwoods is the graceful beauty of their tiered, horizontal branching. When dogwood diseases call for fungicides, copper-based sprays handle infections well. Growth Rate: Dogwoods grow at a slow to moderate rate (about 20 feet in 25 years). A particular kind of canker disease called the Diffuse Canker is typical to dogwoods. View Map. The “flowers” of the flowering dogwood and kousa dogwood are not actually flowers, but bracts, which are modified leaves that look like petals. Deeply planted or drought/heat stressed trees may be attacked by the clearwing moth ‘dogwood … Joey Williamson, ©2015 HGIC, Clemson Extension. Evergreen kousa dogwood (Cornus kousa var. The branches of this species grow upright in a young tree, and droop as the tree ages. This tree is known for being more disease-resistant and hardier than the flowering dogwood, so it may be a good alternative to this plant if you live in a cooler region. Flowering dogwood (Cornus florida) with dark red fall color. It can be grown as a single or multi-trunk tree. Dogwood Tree Bark Disease. Dogwood Sawfly (Macremphytus tarsatus) The dogwood sawfly is an occasional pest of dogwood. It has since become established in Europe and North America. Large, showy flowers open after the tree has leafed out and remain for a long time. Place in a site where there is good air circulation. It is native to Japan, Korea and China. Early symptoms of dogwood canker are smaller and paler leaves. The disease appears to affect more North American native species than non-native dogwoods such as the kousa dogwood. To head off fungal diseases, plant dogwood trees with enough space between them and other plants so that air can circulate around the tree. Kousa dogwoods, for instance, are very resistant to many of the problems that affect flowering dogwoods. The flowering dogwood (Cornus florida) is the species most people think of when the word dogwood is mentioned. “Kousa” is apparently the Japanese word for dogwood. The spring blooms are probably the tree’s largest selling point — and its most misunderstood. Dogwood anthracnose. Diseases Most of the diseases listed are seen most often on Cornus florida. Branches grow upright when the tree is young, but appear in horizontal layers on mature trees. Yes, dogwood trees are prone to anthracnose, a fungus that affects many plants, especially in damp, wet seasons. Keep pruning to a minimum and prune after flowering in the early summer. Prevent Dogwood Tree Diseases & Pests. Joey Williamson, ©2012 HGIC, Clemson Extension. The showy, globular fruits are edible and will attract birds. The spread may be even greater than the height. Fruit become bright red in mid-summer and are attractive to birds. Joey Williamson, ©HGIC, Clemson Extension. ... diseases listed. Dogwood anthracnose is a disease of flowering dogwoods caused by the fungus Discula destructiva. Provides great fall color, with leaves turning purple and scarlet. All recommendations for pesticide use are for South Carolina only and were legal at the time of publication, but the status of registration and use patterns are subject to change by action of state and federal regulatory agencies. The height ranges from 15 to 20 feet tall (flowering dogwood in the sun) to 40 feet tall (flowering dogwood in the shade). It is widespread across China, Japan, and Korea. In autumn, it offers spectacular bright red color. Fertilize again 6 weeks later to encourage extra flowers or faster growth of young trees. Kousa dogwood (C. kousa) is also susceptible to infection but is highly resistant to the disease and typically suffers only minor leaf spotting. The following actions help: Immediately cut off infested branches; Remove fallen leaves; Prevention includes keeping the soil moist and mulching it … Cornus kousa (Kousa Dogwood) is a small, deciduous flowering tree or multi-stemmed shrub with 4 seasons of interest. Fungi thrive in cool, wet weather and prevention is the best cure. It most frequently attacks trees that are stressed or injured. Kousa dogwood (C. kousa) is also susceptible to infection but is highly resistant to the disease and typically suffers only minor leaf spotting. Dogwoods Bloom, and Music Echoes April 15, 2005 Recent progress has been made in developing dogwoods that resist disease -- especially anthracnose and other fungal attackers. To reduce the chance of trunk damage, and thus insect and disease incidence, provide mulch beneath the canopy of dogwoods. C. kousa ‘Blue Shadow’ (white; blue-green foliage) C. kousa Heart Throb® (‘Schmred’, PP#9283) (reddish to rose-pink) C. kousa ‘Milky Way Select’ (white) Dogwood cankers are commonly found on the main trunk area. Note: All cultivated varieties of plants have cultivar names (listed in single quotes) by which they are known and sold. Kousa dogwood develops at a slow to medium rate. Avoid fertilizing trees stressed by drought during the summer months. It infects and kills the leaves and young shoots of some North American Cornus species (dogwoods). Cornus kousa, commonly called Kousa dogwood, is a small, deciduous flowering tree or multi-stemmed shrub that typically grows 15-30’ tall, with a vase-shaped habit in the early years but eventually maturing to a more rounded form.Bloom occurs in late spring. Planting material selection Purchase healthy trees that are free of disease symptoms. This tree may be more adaptable to soil conditions than flowering dogwood. Gardenerdy tells you how to grow and care for your Kousa Dogwood. It starts out with blighted leaves, showing purple margins and tan color around the edges of leaves. Mature Height/Spread: The Cornelian cherry dogwood will grow 20 to 25 feet tall and 15 to 20 feet wide. Is tougher than the native flowering dogwood when it comes to disease and pests. Joey Williamson, ©2013 HGIC, Clemson Extension. Kousa dogwood (Cornus kousa) in bloom in May after the leaves have matured. Botrytis blight or gray mold Gray mold is a common fungal disease on fading flowers. Winter brings showy bright red fruit for a final splash of color. Also, there is a subspecies of kousa dogwood, Cornus kousa var. Disease, pests and problems. However, there are many other beautiful dogwoods to choose from that are much more resistant to insects and disease. The kousa dogwood cultivars are all deciduous, except for the naturally occurring variety, C. kousa var. Tree Type This tree is considered both a flowering tree and an ornamental tree. Secondary signs may include cankers on twigs and smaller branches. Kousa dogwoods should be planted in an area large enough for good root expansion. Mix 1.5 to 2.0 fluid ounces of liquid copper concentrate with 1 gallon of water -- use the higher rate for diseases that overwinter or … The white “petals” aren’t actually petals at all. Problems: The flowering dogwood is susceptible to many diseases and insect pests. Nursery-grown trees will also recover from planting more quickly than those dug up in the woods. Other infrequently occurring insect pests include midges (which cause club-shaped galls or swellings on twigs), granulate ambrosia beetle, scale insects, and leaf miner. Dogwoods prefer moist, well-drained, acidic (5.5 to 6.0 pH) soil that is high in organic matter. Complete, acid-forming organic fertilizers are also excellent choices for use on dogwoods, for spring and early summer fertilization. Other breeders have also produced extremely attractive hybrids of C. florida x C. kousa, and of C. kousa x C. nutallii (the Pacific dogwood). To head off fungal diseases, plant dogwood trees with enough space between them and other plants so that air can circulate around the tree. The fruit of the flowering dogwood turn bright red in September and October. Kousa dogwood grows 15 to 20 feet tall and has beautiful exfoliating bark, long lasting flowers, good fall color, and attractive fruit. Millie Davenport, ©2015 HGIC, Clemson Extension. Choose a site for the Cornelian cherry dogwood that has full sun or partial shade. Debbie Shaughnessy, Former HGIC Information Specialist, Clemson UniversityBob Polomski, PhD, Extension Consumer Horticulturist, Clemson University, Joey Williamson, PhD, HGIC Horticulture Extension Agent, Clemson University. The fall leaf color is red to reddish-purple, although those sited in full shade may have poor fall color. Their structure, though, is vase like and not nearly as graceful as the structure of the native dogwood tree below. Clemson University Cooperative Extension Service offers its programs to people of all ages, regardless of race, color, gender, religion, national origin, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, gender identity, marital or family status and is an equal opportunity employer. It prefers shade in the afternoon in the South, but is more afternoon sun tolerant than the flowering dogwood. Mulch will encourage root growth and provide moisture retention. Prune drooping branches if located near a patio or walkway. Flowering dogwood ( C. florida ) is moderately susceptible but is severely damaged under conditions ideal for disease development. It is usually only cosmetic. Problems: Some kousa dogwoods and their hybrids are more resistant than flowering dogwood to dogwood anthracnose, powdery mildew, spot anthracnose, and common dogwood borers than flowering dogwood. However, do not place the mulch directly against the trunk. Kousa dogwood grows 15 to 20 feet tall and has beautiful exfoliating bark, long lasting flowers, good fall color, and attractive fruit. Is a good choice for planting near utility lines, buildings or walls. Dogwood canker (Discula destructiva) is a fungal disease that causes leaf and twig blights and trunk cankers. This disease is common in Arkansas, especially following frequent rainfall and cool temperatures in April and May. They may bloom in late winter/early spring before leaves appear (flowering and Cornelian cherry dogwoods), or later in spring after leaves emerge (kousa dogwood). Fruit could cause some litter problems. Pests and Diseases: The kousa dogwoods are less susceptible to the dreaded anthracnose disease than C. florida and our native dogwood—C. There are a number of Kousa dogwood varieties, and the only basic difference is how each tree looks. Dogwoods are prone to root rot (Phytophthora species) if planted in poorly drained sites or if frequent flooding occurs. The kousa dogwood (japanese dogwood) can be expected to grow in Hardiness Zones 5–8. They are included here simply because they are the official assigned cultivar names. Even in winter, the eye-catching bark and form of the Kousa bring a unique beauty to your landscape. health of the tree. It is a small deciduous tree 8–12 m tall, native to eastern Asia. In summer, its intriguing canopy of layered branches provides shade and beauty. Cornelian cherry tends to be multi-stemmed and is formed more like a shrub than a tree. They grow in clusters, and if not discovered by birds and other wildlife, can persist on the tree until December. If you are looking for such a tree, then try planting this. Growth Rate: A slow to moderate grower, it will grow 20 feet in 25 years. Pine straw, compost, or ground barks all make excellent mulches to keep shallow roots cool. Falling fruit may create litter problems and can temporarily stain walks and concrete. Develops a camouflage pattern … It is a good small shade tree, and works well naturalized in open woodland areas, especially at the edges of woods, where it will receive some sun. The good news is that you can grow a healthy tree with a little know-how. Develops a camouflage pattern of tan and brown on the trunk due to exfoliation. You may have heard these scary terms, and they may have discouraged you from planting flowering dogwoods in the past. The versatile dogwood (Cornus spp.) The common dogwood borer (Synanthedon scitula) will attack newly planted specimens (especially during the first two years), trees in poor health, trees under drought stress, or those with trunks damaged by lawn mowers or weed trimmers. New growth is covered with a fine, white, powdery coating, typically on the upper surfaces of the leaves. “Satomi” and “Stellar Pink” have pink flowers instead of … Those growing in the sun tend to be shorter, denser and more compact. Mature Height/Spread: The height and spread varies depending on the species and its location in the landscape. The first parts of the tree to be affected are the flower bracts (petals). The attractive C. kousa is native to Japan, China, Korea and Taiwan.. And sold infections well but the disease sprinklers, it offers spectacular bright red in! ) spotting on both foliage and flower bracts ( petals ) later and... 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