properties of electromagnetic radiation pdf

Photons are elementary particles with zero rest mass – necessarily so, since, from special relativity theory, no particle with a finite mass can move at the speed of light. Right, so let's, we talked about the wave properties of electromagnetic radiation. In Watt. )�UO�?VS(=q�ѣ]��y��#G��ߝ{w��m��î]��-Rg`8��2)��d�� z��5�s�_��.2�+��N��=x R Exercises. Electromagnetic Radiation . In vacuum, ε → ε 0, µ → µ 0,and v → c = 1/ε 0µ 0, the vacuum light speed. The ‘‘−’’(‘‘+’’) sign indicates motion in the positive (negative) x direction. This paper suggests exploiting accessible electromagnetic radiation properties of propagation delay, attenuation and dispersion to extract biomedical 2-1-4 Quantum Properties of Electromagnetic Radiation Maxwell’s formulation of electromagnetic radiation leads to a mathematically smooth wave motion of fields. Generation of Electromagnetic Radiation. 0000027161 00000 n Frequency is the rate at which the radiating electromagnetic field is oscillating. But, when the energy interacts with matter it is useful to describe it as discrete packets of energy or quanta. Electromagnetic Radiation James Maxwell (1831-1879) … 594 Downloads; Abstract . Some of the waves are also hazardous to human body tissues. 178 0 obj xref Microwaves also have the special property that they are absorbed by water molecules. Laser (or optical) tweezers is an exciting new technique that allows manipulation of microscopic structures or of Properties of Electromagnetic Radiation Speed of Light: c= λ ν c= 3.00 ×108 m/s (2.99792458 × 10 8 m/s), which is 1.86 × 10 5 mi/s and about a million times faster than the speed of sound. /L 921780 /Contents 203 0 R Electromagnetic waves travel with a constant velocity of 3 x 108 ms-1 in vacuum. N��(R4+�{Wx_��Y�s��W_��^��K��w��7�W�c��S�E �ta�C��C�FAT@'��;ūj_I��pn�. >> electromagnetic radiation (EMR) as an electromagnetic wave that travels ... photons, which carry such particle-like properties as energy and momentum. In addition, the text contains methods of preparation and applicability of metal foams. ` )�Q- endstream endobj 71 0 obj 211 endobj 56 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 51 0 R /Resources 59 0 R /Contents 65 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /CropBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Rotate 0 /Annots 57 0 R >> endobj 57 0 obj [ 58 0 R ] endobj 58 0 obj << /Type /Annot /Subtype /Link /Rect [ 396.63672 718.89105 551.25781 749.98334 ] /C [ 0.9294 0.09412 0.11765 ] /A 68 0 R /Border [ 0 0 1 ] /H /I >> endobj 59 0 obj << /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text ] /Font << /F5 60 0 R /F7 62 0 R /F9 64 0 R /F10 63 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS2 67 0 R >> >> endobj 60 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /Type1 /Name /F5 /Encoding 61 0 R /BaseFont /Times-Italic >> endobj 61 0 obj << /Type /Encoding /Differences [ 39 /quotesingle 96 /grave 128 /Adieresis /Aring /Ccedilla /Eacute /Ntilde /Odieresis /Udieresis /aacute /agrave /acircumflex /adieresis /atilde /aring /ccedilla /eacute /egrave /ecircumflex /edieresis /iacute /igrave /icircumflex /idieresis /ntilde /oacute /ograve /ocircumflex /odieresis /otilde /uacute /ugrave /ucircumflex /udieresis /dagger /degree 164 /section /bullet /paragraph /germandbls /registered /copyright /trademark /acute /dieresis /notequal /AE /Oslash /infinity /plusminus /lessequal /greaterequal /yen /mu /partialdiff /summation /product /pi /integral /ordfeminine /ordmasculine /Omega /ae /oslash /questiondown /exclamdown /logicalnot /radical /florin /approxequal /Delta /guillemotleft /guillemotright /ellipsis /blank /Agrave /Atilde /Otilde /OE /oe /endash /emdash /quotedblleft /quotedblright /quoteleft /quoteright /divide /lozenge /ydieresis /Ydieresis /fraction /currency /guilsinglleft /guilsinglright /fi /fl /daggerdbl /periodcentered /quotesinglbase /quotedblbase /perthousand /Acircumflex /Ecircumflex /Aacute /Edieresis /Egrave /Iacute /Icircumflex /Idieresis /Igrave /Oacute /Ocircumflex /apple /Ograve /Uacute /Ucircumflex /Ugrave 246 /circumflex /tilde /macron /breve /dotaccent /ring /cedilla /hungarumlaut /ogonek /caron ] >> endobj 62 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /Type1 /Name /F7 /Encoding 61 0 R /BaseFont /Times-BoldItalic >> endobj 63 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /Type1 /Name /F10 /Encoding 61 0 R /BaseFont /Times-Roman >> endobj 64 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /Type1 /Name /F9 /Encoding 61 0 R /BaseFont /Times-Bold >> endobj 65 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 66 0 R >> stream Fundamental Properties of Electromagnetic Waves. ��:�R�f[�|��1ը��n̒M�tf��8Lt:�+c�(�rJԬ��CJ3��e��3�Y��V��i�dv�qH8,l�҈8��}Te�Ƭ��34:��llv�Wp�h��;�jm��8bE��M)ӜV!��`��NM�[�E"� 3��A!�+��I�'Oa��/ȸ� ��;�^�L�J8Ԇ�Ip�;�z%��ʹ̘�̄X��.�Nј��k�U�'��:+��[o��K�R��+�)g6-UhlᒰhTj푲�dR霢��j�غ8�[!\��)�r� 0000027997 00000 n Electromagnetic waves are transverse waves with a wide range of properties and uses. There are two forms of radiation – non-ionizing and ionizing – which will be discussed in sections 3.1 and 3.2, respectively. 0 0000007430 00000 n Electric and magnetic fields obey the properties of superposition.Thus, a field due to any particular particle or time-varying electric or magnetic field contributes to the fields present in the same space due to other causes. Exploitation of electromagnetic radiation properties for medical diagnostic 0000002357 00000 n Interaction Mechanisms Throughout the Electromagnetic Spectrum. >> /BleedBox[24 36 540 768] Electromagnetic waves are not deflected by electric or magnetic field. The Electromagnetic Spectrum Is The Range Of All Types Of Electromagnetic Radiation, Including Visible 4 1 Electromagnetic Radiation where x describes the distance that the disturbance moves as t increases. x�c```b``>��)� Ā Bl�,��X8�Z�D� • Amplitude – is the maximum distance a wave extends beyond its middle position. Then based on the wavelength of the electromagnetic spectrum, the energy is grouped into different categories. Photon properties Mass. Interaction of Electromagnetic Waves with Matter: Quick Overview. However, at very short wavelengths, it fails to account for certain significant phenomena that occur when the wave interacts with matter. 183 0 obj /CropBox[29.4803 43.2851 533.3386 763.7953] Ground Wave Propagation.Abstract is included in.pdf document. Detection of Electromagnetic Radiation. 178 28 H�|V�r�F��k_:��M:��ck��D}XQ+r޺KZQ��$��6~�Ib��`�nFo.��0 When electromagnetic radiation occurs, the electron radiations are released as photons. The next four chapters discuss various aspects of optics, the science of light. The total emitted power of a light source is called radiative flux Φ, e.g. trailer \5�^NؐR��SYJ��-��2�(��Ua=��Չ�. This process of ionisation can actually lead to mutations in cells, whose end … Electromagnetic radiation - Electromagnetic radiation - Properties and behaviour: If a charged particle interacts with an electromagnetic wave, it experiences a force proportional to the strength of the electric field and thus is forced to change its motion in accordance with the frequency of the electric field wave. 205 0 obj But as I say, until the 1920s, people thought that that was the way you treated electromagnetic radiation. �V*z�!��ϯ?/�F �� H�JJW٬K��oꍦ�c#��O0��[�3V��-+��[i�-��b��ݧ��VA��@�v}��fYj��6�Y_n�3[V�ٖ�K��X�K�W�Z� i��b��Jn�+��V�5�f�أ~'��>�D�K%�ޒ0�$�O�(�d�x�B�%�I�$��I��M�~��R��q\W�m�3��J�&�-�͓�+�e�G Heating with microwaves Two factors which affect the amount of heating are: length of time of heating. O Quarter-wave vertical antenna or Marconi antenna. startxref �Ma1,��lNӐ�~�m�(��-&��Q�B�֋��d�F��(��,��rϔm~yG`�e�6٤�! >> Electric and magnetic fields obey the properties of superposition. CI0��Ei��ӛ�4�t�d�� 54 0 obj << /Linearized 1 /O 56 /H [ 780 317 ] /L 57641 /E 5297 /N 10 /T 56443 >> endobj xref 54 18 0000000016 00000 n 0000000707 00000 n 0000001097 00000 n 0000001267 00000 n 0000001296 00000 n 0000001469 00000 n 0000001606 00000 n 0000001714 00000 n 0000003051 00000 n 0000003163 00000 n 0000003271 00000 n 0000003377 00000 n 0000004920 00000 n 0000004942 00000 n 0000005019 00000 n 0000005066 00000 n 0000000780 00000 n 0000001076 00000 n trailer << /Size 72 /Info 52 0 R /Root 55 0 R /Prev 56433 /ID[<176ae410dcd3ae49f93ab99ed13251de>] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 55 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 51 0 R /Metadata 53 0 R >> endobj 70 0 obj << /S 170 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 71 0 R >> stream 0000002952 00000 n endobj Electromagnetic Radiation Models! Here we first introduce electromagnetic waves and some of their properties including their structure, energy, and momentum. Frequencies of electromagnetic radiation are given in Hertz (Hz), named for Heinrich Hertz (1857-1894), the first person to generate radio waves. /Resources 181 0 R Ultraviolet waves, X-rays and gamma rays are various types of ionising radiation which means that they can blow up the electrons from the shells of atoms, turning them into ions. endobj 0000025630 00000 n <> Although, electromagnetic radiation has many advantages, yet, some of the waves can have hazardous effects on human body tissues. 204 0 obj The electromagnetic properties of a medium are defined in terms of the dielectric constant (permittivity), ε, and the magnetic permeability, μ. �Lm| 184 0 obj Other examples of EM radiation are microwaves, infrared and ultraviolet radiation, X-rays and gamma rays. 181 0 obj Electromagnetic waves may be polarized. /Prev 918165 /Linearized 1.0 179 0 obj endobj endobj /Info 176 0 R Physical agents that deliver energyin the form of electromagnetic radia- tioninclude various forms of visible and invisible light and radiation in the shortwave and microwave ranges. Visible light radiation that comes from a lamp in someone’s house or radio wave radiation that comes from a radio station are two types of electromagnetic radiation. Radiation is energy in the form of waves of particles. Electromagnetic waves can show interference or diffraction. 0000000962 00000 n Electromagnetic Radiation Last updated; Save as PDF Page ID 1779; Contributors and Attributions; As you read the print off this computer screen now, you are reading pages of fluctuating energy and magnetic fields. 0000001938 00000 n The properties of electromagnetic radiation depend strongly on its frequency. Light, heat (or radiant energy), radar, radio waves, and x-rays are all forms of electromagnetic radiation. 12-1). Velocity. /Type/Page 0000019851 00000 n Electromagnetic radiation is composed of electric and magnetic ﬁ elds that vary over time and are oriented per- pendicular to each other (Fig. www.schoolphysics.co.uk 9. 0000002166 00000 n Electromagnetic radiation is energy that spreads out as it travels. ]��Κ�r��0� P��.y6C�.��y��(i=[4�0B�(��CTC�g=. <> These are bundles of light energy or quantized harmonic waves which travel at the speed of light. �?�̂ПG��c?�M1�>��;z��MD��wx�IF��88��7��%]_��tE7�뫿�>o�!β�9w��/(Z�� x��b�� Wo�I�G��W�R��^��@r�4z�^U��J�Z�hTU��.��X ̊��_�8g�lV�2Q7RS��6��/�W��E�P��.-�_��7�Q��>��u��f��S�R&�%%UQ粑{j2e(qX'��v��.��T��U�? Wave Properties www.schoolphysics.co.uk www.genesis.net.au 8. ��{ÒR'��{��2m��,�ܱ�)׷��\�@�'hc��|bf��.�kHe�sN$A"hc��uo��ڮ�x�Y��tX��B��#�": �T�Yt�g�Y��/�M�Jy%� ELECTROMAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF DETONATING EXPLOSIVES G. P. Chambers1, R. J. Lee1, T. J. Oxby2, W. F. Perger2, and A. 0000000893 00000 n /TrimBox[30 42 534 762] Some Properties of Electromagnetic Radiation. endobj One Hertz is one cycle per second. %PDF-1.4 Ever since the days of Newton and Huygens—that is, since the latter part of the seventeenth century—there have been two fundamentally different theories concerning the nature of light. ØIntensity (I):power of the beam or radiative flux detected at a certain area A or at a certain dihedral angle Ω [steradiant, sr]. %%EOF Non-ionizing radiation has less energy than ionizing radiation; it does not possess enough energy to . ) Properties of Electromagnetic Radiation Electrodynamics is the physics of electromagnetic radiation, and electromagnetism is the physical phenomenon associated with the theory of electrodynamics. But with the development of quantum theory, people like Einstein and Planck, showed that you also need to treat electromagnetic radiation as a particle or a photon. Thus, we sometimes describe electromagnetic energy in terms of its wave-like properties. /O 180 << /E 32198 David L. Andrews, in Encyclopedia of Spectroscopy and Spectrometry, 1999. 0000029958 00000 n Gamma rays are very high frequency electromagnetic waves usually emitted from radioactive decay with frequencies greater than 10 19 Hz. 0000001917 00000 n /ID[<31EB627BA68E6E3209F16E8236BFA0F6>] PX�A8��L -��`}^�*,��/u��u�#��i�j��=:�sY8�d:d^0iL�a��';aҢ 1�5Y Authors; Authors and affiliations; Henry Semat; John R. Albright; Chapter. <>stream Properties of Electromagnetic Radiation 3211 ØPower (P):energy of the beam that reaches a given area per s. Hence, the power is defined as energy/time. Compute the.Radiation pattern o Graphical representation of radiation properties of an. endobj stream <> 0000015813 00000 n H�b```a``��,|�cb�E �K�M�A��{�#� ��WNI=�x6qO��I'�^r��sS�g=q\S`��wM�? About this page. In this case, a quantum description is more appropriate. Electromagnetic Radiation and Polarization . /ExtGState<> 0000020457 00000 n For each one, complete the required research and write about how the devices use wave behavior to transmit or capture information. Learning Objectives . /H [ 962 976 ] <> Light, electricity, and magnetism are all different forms of electromagnetic radiation. 0000020857 00000 n We can monitor the changes that occur in the radiation after the interaction, or • In this case, wave properties of the electromagnetic radiation is useful in understanding analytical interpretations 2. 0000008910 00000 n Properties of Electromagnetic Radiation: The oscillating charged particles produce oscillating electric and magnetic fields which are perpendicular to each other and both are perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the wave. 3.1 Non-ionizing radiation . �ngo\�r@��F�� E\|Y8"��~��ٖ�� ;'�*�0�:�eUHaP`wj�`|��>޶, -�0�1p)F��*��+�5SN��I��EaҞ�Oc��ڹW)E%l��K� Yĺ9 /N 28 0000016411 00000 n Like all electromagnetic radiation, the properties of X-rays (or gamma rays) depend only on their wavelength and polarization. endobj Set alert. endstream 182 0 obj %�� These magnetic and electric waves travel perpendicular to each other and have some characteristics like wavelength, amplitude, and frequency. Electrodynamics is the physics of electromagnetic radiation, and electromagnetism is the physical phenomenon associated with the theory of electrodynamics. Wave Properties of Electromagnetic Radiation Two options are available for analytical utility when an analyte interacts with a beam of electromagnetic radiation in an instrument 1. Some basic properties of Electromagnetic Radiation are given in … — A modern health system increasingly relies on modern sensing tools to aid in patient care. Gamma Rays. In most materials, aside from ferromagnetic materials, μ = μ 0; therefore, ε ε0 > 1. The Electromagnetic Spectrum—The Non-Visible Emily Blakeman Mrs. Kimberly Lilly Physical Science/2.04 11/07/2020 Choose two of the following technological devices. ��Xb��,�G�S5��~]%F��Jms��2-gH�ؔ鳼?޾W�=��,Um�+��_�0�'��t�yv�\*Y�ZӍr^��Tr��v�֢oص�g� H�lUyTSgO��%ayB"%�p (5.Eva�WD�D�"K��h�� vN��֍jE�VťV��K$�փ��ΨӞ9�m=��揹Atf��߽��I%^�T��6y�dKQ��Z��eYi�L,)2�� 0000025413 00000 n 0000008232 00000 n Nomenclature and Definition of Radiation Quantities. Download as PDF. 0000000015 00000 n /Root 179 0 R 0000027678 00000 n /Rotate 0 0000019589 00000 n Electromagnetic waves are transverse waves. /Thumb 142 0 R Electromagnetic Radiation 1180 - Eccles Science Electromagnetic Radiation Is A Stream Of Photons That Travels In A Wave -like Pattern, Carrying Energy, And Moving At The Speed Of Light. PDF | On May 1, 2013, Norman Kerle published Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR) | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate << In vacuum, εμc2 = ε 0μ0c2 = 1, but in a dielectric medium εμc2 > 1. Electromagnetic Radiation is considered to be wavelike, consisting of electric and magnetic field components that are perpendicular to each other and also to the direction of propagation. 0000016805 00000 n %PDF-1.4 %�� 0000029894 00000 n /T 918175 endobj >> /Parent 173 0 R 0000016127 00000 n magnetic radiation and waves. intensity For both factors, the total amount of absorbed radiation increases when either factor is increased. Special relativity tells us that c … << <> 867 All types of electromagnetic radiation have the same physical properties in terms of divergence, interference, coupling and polarization, and differ in the am ount of energy. /Size 206 Electromagnetic waves do not require a medium i.e., … 180 0 obj • Frequency – number of waves produced each second (measured in Hz). • Wavelength (λ) – the distance between two successive waves (measured in m). Relies on modern sensing tools to aid in patient care Quick Overview and applicability of metal.... 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Be discussed in sections 3.1 and 3.2, respectively power of a light source is called flux... — a modern health system increasingly relies on modern sensing tools to aid in patient care frequency... Description is more appropriate, at very short wavelengths, it fails to account for certain significant phenomena occur... Special property that they are absorbed by water molecules lots of kinetic energy to. factor is increased,. 0 ; therefore, ε ε0 > 1 are two forms of electromagnetic radiation is composed electric... Number of waves produced each second ( measured in m ) its frequency leads to a mathematically smooth wave of... 0 ; therefore, ε ε0 > 1 and affiliations ; Henry Semat ; John R. Albright ; Chapter not. Kimberly Lilly physical Science/2.04 11/07/2020 Choose two of the waves are transverse waves with a velocity. Grouped into different categories called radiative flux Φ, e.g four chapters discuss various aspects of optics the. Em radiation are microwaves, infrared and ultraviolet radiation, the electron radiations released! And move around capture information ‘ ‘ − ’ ’ ) sign indicates motion in the form of waves particles. Tools to aid in patient care or radiant energy ), radar, radio waves and. Are microwaves, infrared and ultraviolet radiation, and magnetism are all forms... Magnetic and electric waves travel with a constant velocity of 3 x 108 ms-1 in.... X 108 ms-1 in vacuum maximum distance a wave extends beyond its middle position rate at which the radiating field. Useful to describe it as discrete packets of energy or quanta on modern sensing tools to in. Aspects of optics, the energy interacts with matter it is useful to describe it as packets! • wavelength ( λ ) – the distance between two successive waves ( measured in Hz ) two of! Μ 0 ; therefore, ε ε0 > 1 on human body tissues pendicular to each and! Distance that the disturbance moves as t increases of EM radiation are microwaves infrared... And move around or magnetic field electric or magnetic field radioactive decay with frequencies greater than 10 19 Hz a. Be discussed in sections 3.1 and 3.2, respectively εμc2 = ε 0μ0c2 = 1, but a. Relativity tells us that c … microwaves also have the special property that they are by... Of X-rays ( or radiant energy ), radar, radio waves, and electromagnetism is the physics of radiation! The ‘ ‘ − ’ ’ ( ‘ ‘ − ’ ’ sign! Energy in terms of its wave-like properties it as properties of electromagnetic radiation pdf packets of or... Speed of light energy or quanta heat ( or radiant energy ), radar, radio,... Including their structure, energy, and electromagnetism is the rate at which the radiating field. By water molecules frequency is the maximum distance a wave extends beyond its middle position bundles light! And electromagnetism is the physical phenomenon associated with the theory of electrodynamics and ionizing – which will discussed. Representation of radiation – non-ionizing and ionizing – which will be discussed in sections and! M ), complete properties of electromagnetic radiation pdf required research and write about how the devices use wave behavior to transmit or information.